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* Pre-Departure COVID-19 PCR Swab & Serology Test for Travellers available at AIPC, Make your appointment at Tel: 6694 1661. Click here for more details.

AIPC is part of MOH's Swab & Go Home programme. Our clinic can carry out the COVID-19 Swab test for anyone who meets the MOH medical criteria. From 1 Jul 20, all individuals aged 13 and above, diagnosed with ARI will be COVID Swab-tested. Cost of Swab test to be borne by Ministry of Health Singapore.

Flu Subsidy Scheme eligible for Singaporeans & PRs (Pay subsidized rate of $10 for Consultation and Treatment) & Merdeka Generation /Pioneer Generation seniors (Pay subsidized rate of $5) for patients diagnosed with Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs). Please make your appointment at Tel: 6694 1661.

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of the joints, usually the smaller joints of the body. Many people believe wrongly that this is always a disabling, severe condition. In fact, it may be mild and can be well controlled using modern medicine. It is not infectious, but no one is able to say what triggers it. There is no cure for this condition, but all patients can be treated.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?

Rheumatoid Arthritis symptoms will vary a great deal from person to person, as well as from day to day. However, some of the common symptoms include:

· Stiffness and tenderness of the small joints, especially of the wrist, hands and feet (the base of the fingers, thumbs or toes can be affected; less commonly it can affect the larger joints such as the knee, shoulder, ankle and neck)

· Tiredness

· Morning stiffness

In summary, the main symptoms are pain, stiffness and swelling of the small joints.

HOW IS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DIAGNOSED?

After being suspected by the doctor upon examination, rheumatoid arthritis can usually be diagnosed by tests, including x- rays of the hands and special blood tests.

HOW COMMON IS THE PROBLEM?

About 2 persons in 100 suffer to some extent from rheumatoid arthritis. It is more common in females. Most sufferers are between 40 and 60 years of age, but the disease can affect people in any age group, even in juveniles (Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis or JRA). However, the majority of patients have little or no long- term problems and only 1 patient in 10 is severely affected.

WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?

In severe cases the swollen and deformed joints may become partly or completely dislocated, causing considerable discomfort and problems with walking if the knee or foot joints are affected. The tendons may become so weak that they can snap. A special problem is the neck, which can become unstable so that manipulative procedures can be dangerous and cause paralysis.

Difference between Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?

EXERCISE

It is important to keep fit. Walking and swimming are to be encouraged. Many local councils and physiotherapists offer swimming and other forms of hydrotherapy in heated pools. Home exercise routines to prevent muscle weakening can be provided by your physiotherapist or doctor.

REST

Rest is important and depends on how you feel. It must be sensibly balanced with exercise. If an exercise causes pain, it should be altered or reduced.

JOINT MOVEMENT

Each joint affected should be put through a daily full range of motion to keep it mobile and to reduce stiffness. Protect any weakened joints or tendons by lifting gently and smoothly rather than in a jerking motion.

HEAT AND COLD

For stiff joints a hot-water bottle, warm water or a heat lamp can help. For morning stiffness an electric blanket or a warm shower can be helpful. Sometimes cold packs or water are appropriate, for example over a hot, tender joint.

DIET

There is no special diet. No specific food has caused arthritis and no specific diet will cure it. However, a nourishing and well-balanced diet including adequate fibre will promote health and a sense of well-being. Maintain a normal weight to lessen the burden on your joints.

Dominic D'Agostino: Metabolic Therapies: Therapeutic Implications and Practical Application

Metabolic therapies that induce a state of mild ketosis from caloric restriction or the ketogenic diet offer neuroprotection against a wide range of pathologies, and continues to be an emerging strategy for the metabolic management of cancer. Severe dietary restriction of calories or carbohydrates is typically needed to produce a level of ketosis that achieves therapeutic benefits. Interestingly, the strategy to use exogenous ketones as an alternative fuel has not been exploited therapeutically. When administered orally in controlled dosages, ketone esters and other ketogenic agents can lower glucose and elevate plasma ketone levels comparable to levels achieved by the most rigorous ketogenic diets. Metabolic therapies in the form of ketone supplementation offer a safe, convenient, and versatile new treatment approach for a variety of diseases, including seizure disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.

Dominic D’Agostino is an Assistant Professor at the University of South Florida’s Morsani College of Medicine. Dr. D’Agostino teaches in the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology with an emphasis on such topics as Biochemistry, Neuropharmacology and Nutrition. His research is focused on developing and testing nutritional strategies for promoting healthy weight loss and enhancing cognitive and physical performance. In addition, his research aims to develop and test specific metabolic therapies and supplements for neurological diseases and cancer. Dr. D’Agostino’s research is supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Department of Defense (DoD) and private foundations.

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS MEDICATION

There are many effective pain-killing and anti-inflammatory drugs available to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The basic drug is likely to be aspirin in high doses, but it can cause ringing in the ears and other unpleasant effects. Your doctor may have to experiment for a time before finding the best drugs for you.

SURGERY

Occasionally surgery may help if a particular joint is severely inflamed by removing the inflamed lining called the synovium. In later stages it may be possible to replace a badly damaged joint with an artificial joint.

SUPPORT

Excellent leaflets and practical help are available from the Arthritis Foundation in your city. These include information about and access to a wide range of inexpensive equipment and tools that can assist your daily living.

Please seek Medical attention as soon as possible if you are unsure of you or your family's health condition.

Management of Joint Pains & Gout