Latest Influenza Vaccines (Protects against Flu and H1N1 Viruses)

Make your Appointment at Tel: 6694 1661


How do Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases affect the COVID-19 Pandemic?

"File:14 Hegasy COVID-19 Q EN.svg" by Iñaki LL is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0


Asymptomatic or Presymptomatic ‘Silent’ Transmission

Asymptomatic: people who carry the active virus in their body but never develop any symptoms

Presymptomatic: people who have been infected and are incubating the virus but don't yet show symptoms

Very mildly symptomatic: people who feel a little unwell from a COVID-19 infection but continue to come in close contact with others

The percentage of the population infected with COVID-19 implied by the official case count and the serology survey differs widely (Ref : The Economist – Uncertainty’s Principals, Science & Technology 2 May 20). Samples of mass testing in various cities have shown actual infection rates ranging from 2.5% to 20%.

According to a study by the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, many asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are undetected and there are indications that screening symptomatic contacts with a single throat swab test for SARS-CoV-2 might lead to an underestimate of the rate of infection and that asymptomatic persons can repeatedly revert between positive and negative PCR results on throat specimens.

The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford found that between 5% and 80% of people testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 may be asymptomatic, presymptomatic or show mild symptoms. Thus symptom-based screening will miss cases, perhaps a lot of them. Their research also found children and young adults can be asymptomatic.

Covid Symptoms & Prevention - Treatment @ MDIMC

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Virus Information


Infectious Viral Shedding

Another study by the Academy of Medicine, Singapore found that the infectious period of SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic individuals may begin around 2 days before the onset of symptoms, and persists for about 7-10 days after the onset of symptoms. Viable virus was not found after the second week of illness despite the persistence of PCR detection of RNA (that is a false positive PCR test). Thus viral RNA detection by PCR does not equate to infectiousness or viable virus. A small but important study from Germany found that the degree of viral shedding was very high in the first week of symptoms. Infectious virus was cultured from throat and lung specimens in the first week of symptoms, but none after day 8 in spite of high viral loads detected by regular PCR tests.

Scientists from the University of Texas at Austin in a study to be published in the journal, Emerging Infectious Diseases found that the serial interval (time between one person developing the symptoms of a condition and a second person becoming infected and developing symptoms) for SARS-CoV-2 was approximately 4-5 days. The shorter the serial interval makes an epidemic harder to contain and more likely to spread quickly.

A modelling paper in Science suggests that in China before the lockdown, undiscovered cases — mainly people with "mild, limited or no symptoms" — were less infectious than known cases but were still possibly responsible for 79% of transmission, because so many of them continued to congregate or travel while contagious.

It is estimated by other papers from Singapore and China that people who had not yet developed symptoms transmitted around 6-13% of the cases studied. People can transmit the virus before symptoms begin during the incubation period, and the time between transmission and symptoms could be anything from 2-14 days.

< COVID Toes in otherwise Asymptomatic patients

Some Pre-symptomatic patients have displayed this condition.

COVID-19 Health Statistics

Researchers from China's Center for Disease Control and Prevention in a study of 72,000 COVID-19 patients found a 2.3% death rate.

A total of 81% of cases in a JAMA study were classified as mild, meaning they did not result in pneumonia or resulted in only mild pneumonia. Fourteen percent of cases were severe (marked by difficulty breathing), and 5% were critical (respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction or failure).

COVID-19 is less deadly but more transmissible than SARS or MERS. So looking on the bright side, based on the statistics, 97.7% of infected COVID-19 cases will survive. Upwards of 70% depending on your health status, will be asymptomatic. The remaining cases might display mild to more serious symptoms if you have any of the risk factors (Use this Prognostic Tool to assess your COVID-19 risk of complications).

Continue to take Safety preventive measures until the COVID-19 vaccine becomes available. This is estimated to be in the second half of 2021, according to GSK & Sanofi, the 2 biggest vaccine makers in the world.

COVID SARS-CoV-2 Life cycle / Viral structure / Immune response

  • COVID Vaccine & Booster - Sinopharm vaccine
  • Flu Vaccine
  • Childhood & Adult Vaccine schedule (Refer to NAIS & NCIS)

Up to $400 per Medisave Account per year can be used for Vaccinations under the National Adult & Childhood Immunisation Schedule - Influenza, Pneumococcal (PCV13/PPSV), Human Papillomavirus (HPV2/HPV4), Hepatitis B, Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis (Tdap), Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR) and Chickenpox (Varicella)

Pain Relief Management & Treatment, Vaccinations, Health Screening, COVID & Allergy Testing, Dermatology Treatments, Minor Surgical Procedures


COVID-19 Sinopharm Vaccine & Booster

Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccine is currently Out Of Stock at our clinic.

Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccine has now been approved for use by private clinics in Singapore against the COVID-19 virus under the Special Access Route. It is the first China-made vaccine to be approved by the World Health Organisation (WHO).

To date, more than a billion doses of the Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV have been administered. The vaccine has also been approved for use in over 50 countries around the world.

Inactivated vaccines are a tried-and-tested form of vaccine technology which is used in other well-established vaccines, such as the Flu and Hepatitis B vaccines.

Effects of COVID-19 on the Brain

COVID Symptoms to watch out for:

SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection of Human Organ  Tissues through Cell ACE-2 Receptors:

Singapore Ministry of Health Recommendation:

  • For persons who have already completed their Primary series with mRNA vaccines and are recommended to get a booster, but are unable to take another dose of mRNA vaccines for medical reasons, they may boost using one dose of Sinopharm vaccine. The booster should be taken six months after mRNA dose 2 (M-M-S).

  • For persons who are unable to take the 2nd dose of mRNA vaccines for medical reasons, they may complete their vaccination with the Sinopharm vaccine. 2 doses of the Sinopharm vaccine is recommended to complete the Primary series. The 2nd Sinopharm dose should be taken 28 days after the 1st Sinopharm dose (M-S-S).

For recovered persons who had not completed a primary series before infection:

  • For persons who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection but received 1 dose or none of COVID-19 vaccination prior, they may receive 2 doses of the Sinopharm vaccine (28 days interval between doses), 3 months after the date of infection to complete a primary vaccination series (Recovered-S-S or S-Recovered-S-S or M-Recovered-S-S).

  • For persons who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection and had received 2 doses of Sinovac or Sinopharm vaccines prior, they may receive 1 dose of Sinopharm after 3 months from the date of infection to complete a primary vaccination series (S-S-Recovered-S).

Health Assessment & Screening Packages

Bone Mass Loss for Men & Women with Age - Health Screening @ MDIMC

Up to $400 per Medisave Account per year can be used for Vaccinations under the National Adult & Childhood Immunisation Schedule - Influenza, Pneumococcal (PCV13/PPSV), Human Papillomavirus (HPV2/HPV4), Hepatitis B, Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis (Tdap), Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR) and Chickenpox (Varicella)

Part of the National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance programme with MOH. If you have a fever of > 38 degrees with a cough, our clinic is able to test for COVID-19. For children below 12 years old with clinical diagnosis of HFMD (eg fever, oral ulcers, rash), our clinic can test for Hand Foot & Mouth Disease (The tests are for surveillance purposes only).


Flu Symptoms & Prevention - Treatment @ MDIMC

Latest Influenza Vaccine

Asymptomatic patients may display no symptoms of illness. Vulnerable people should get vaccinated against Influenza which protects susceptible people from, as well as exclude the Flu and H1N1 viruses should they start to show URTI or ARI symptoms.

a. Vaccination decreases the risk of co-infection with COVID-19.

b. Vaccination reduces the burden of respiratory illnesses in the healthcare system.

The latest Influenza Vaccine is now available. It protects against the Flu and H1N1 Viruses. Ministry of Health Safety protocols are adhered to at all times for the safe vaccination of you and your family.

* Importance of Keeping your Vaccinations Up-to-date


Covid Symptoms & Prevention - Treatment @ MDIMC

Co-infection of COVID-19 with other infectious diseases is possible

Reduce your risk of getting sick with COVID-19

  • Make sure your vaccinations are up-to-date. People older than 65 years, and those with many underlying conditions, such as those who are immunocompromised or with significant liver disease, are recommended to receive vaccinations against Influenza and pneumococcal disease (PCV). Click here for Vaccination schedules (NAIS/NCIS).
  • Do not delay getting medical care for your underlying condition because of COVID-19. MD International Medical Centre has contingency MOH infection prevention protocols to protect you from getting COVID-19 if you need care for your underlying condition.
  • Continue your medications and do not change your treatment plan without talking to your doctor.
  • Make sure that you have at least a two-week supply of your chronic disease medications.
  • Call MDIMC @ Tel: 6694 1661 for a medical appointment if you have any concerns about your underlying medical conditions or if you get sick. Our clinic is a PHPC-accredited medical clinic. Under the MOH Swab & Go Home programme, our doctors can do a COVID-19 PCR Swab test if you meet the MOH medical crtieria.

Vitamins & Nutrients for a Well-functioning Immune System to Protect against COVID-19 & other Viral Infections

(Ref: Nutrients. 2020 Apr 23;12(4). pii: E1181. doi: 10.3390/nu12041181 Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections Calder PC1, Carr AC2, Gombart AF3, Eggersdorfer M4.


Healthy Diets for Optimal Health

Food Health / Detox / Immune Support / Cancer Prevention
Probiotics / Good Bacteria Effects - MDIMC
Vitamin D Deficiency Symptoms - Treatment @ MDIMC
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms - MDIMC
Zinc Deficiency Symptoms & Causes - Treatment @ MDIMC
Iodine Deficiency Symptoms - MDIMC
Iron-rich foods for Low blood haemoglobin

Groups at Higher Risk for Severe Illness in a COVID-19 Infection

Comorbidities & Underlying Health Conditions in COVID-19 Patients with Complications


  • 高血压
  • 糖尿病
  • 脑血管疾病
  • 心血管疾病
  • 慢性肺部疾病
  • 慢性肾病
  • 哮喘
  • 失智
  • 慢性神经系统疾病
  • 癌症
  • 风湿病
  • 肥胖
  • 抽烟
  • 慢性血液系统疾病/血红蛋白血液疾病
  • 肝病/乙型肝炎感染
  • 营养不良
  • 免疫缺陷/免疫功能低下,例如 HIV AIDS
  • 65岁及以上的人

(Ref: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-020-0642-3.pdf, Dailymail.co.uk, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32320003/, Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: A Nationwide Analysis https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2020/03/17/13993003.00547-2020



MD International Medical Centre

Medical Services available:

  • General Practice Family Medicine - Illnesses & Infections
  • Minor Surgical Procedures
  • IV Infusion of Medications
  • Respiratory Medicine - Influenza, Colds, Cough, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI), Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI), Sinus Infection
  • Treatment of Gastric issues, Stomach aches, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Heartburn
  • Infectious diseases & Virology - COVID-19, Dengue, Flu, Hepatitis B etc
  • Dermatology - Skin Problems (Eczema, Acne, Rash, Boils, Dermatitis, Pigmented or Dry Skin, Moles /Skin Tags /Wart Removal)
  • Dermoscopy - Non-invasive Detection of Skin Cancer, Pubic lice & Scabies
  • Treatment of Insect Bites & Stings
  • Look Younger - Botox injections
  • Eye Health / Ophthalmology - Conjunctivitis, Foreign body in the Eye etc
  • Respiratory Medicine - Cough, Wheezing, Shortness of breath
  • Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT) - Ear Wax Removal, Ear Otitis Enterna, Nose Bleed-Epistaxis, Snoring & Sleep Apnoea, Vertigo & Dizziness, Audiogram (Hearing test)
  • Pain Management, Treatment & Therapy - Arthritis, Back & Joint Pain, Migraine, Gout
  • Sports Medicine - Treatment of Sports Injuries
  • Vaccinations / Immunization - Latest Flu vaccine, Sinopharm COVID Vaccine & Booster
  • Travel Health - Travel Vaccinations & Health checks, Travellers' Diarrhoea
  • Allergy tests / Allergic Rhinitis / Asthma Management
  • Health Screening / Blood tests
  • Management of Chronic Diseases - Treating Prediabetes, Diabetes & Insulin Resistance / Hypertension
  • Heart Health - ECG Heart monitoring / High Cholesterol management / Chest pains
  • Executive Health Assessment - Pre-Employment check-up / Work Permit / Employment Pass / Employment Pass
  • Student Pass / Driving License Check-up
  • Personal Health Management - Preventative Medicine & Disease Prevention
  • Elderly / Senior Health
  • Men's Health - Erectile Dysfunction medications etc
  • Women's Health- Osteoporosis, Heavy Periods, Breast lumps, Urinary Tract Infection, Anaemia, Tremors
  • Child Health & Nutrition / Paediatrics
  • Obesity / Weight control & Safe Weight loss / Nutrition & Diet
  • Depression / Anxiety / Insomnia & Stress Management
  • Erectile Dysfunction medications / Sexually transmitted diseases (STD)

Public Health Preparedness Clinic

National University Health System Primary Care Network

Singapore Ministry of Health Chronic Disease Management Programme (CDMP)

The information provided in this website is for knowledge purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice.

Should you encounter any medical problem that you are unsure of, always consult your doctor or health care provider for assistance and medical advice.

MD International Medical Centre / MD International (Singapore) Pte Ltd

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9 Taman Serasi #01-11, Botanic Gardens View

Tel : 65-6694-1661  Fax : 65-6694 1771

Email : contact@mdimc.sg

Clinic hours:

Monday to Friday: 9am-12.30pm / 2pm-6.30pm    Saturday: 9.30am-1pm

*Last registration is 30mins before the closing time

Closed on Sundays & Public Holidays

- Cashless service with most International Insurance companies and Insurance Medical cards are accepted

- Japanese, English & Mandarin-speaking Doctors and Medical staff

Please contact us at Tel: 6694 1661 to make an appointment.

Please make an appointment for the following at Tel: 6694 1661:

* Minor Surgical Procedure

* Health Screening / Blood Test

* Dermatology Treatment

* Allergy Testing

* Pain Treatment & Therapy

* Vaccination

* Pre-Departure PCR Swab Test / Serology Testing

  • 小型外科手术
  • 健康检查/验血
  • 皮肤科治疗
  • 过敏测试
  • 疼痛管理与治疗
  • 疫苗接种
  • 出发前 PCR 拭子检测
  • 血清学检测

OUR MEDICAL TEAM

Dr Don Lau – Medical Director

MBBS (Monash), B Med Sc (Hons) (Monash), Dip Pract Derm (Wales, UK)

Fujiwara Takanori

The Chiropractic Association Singapore, Japan Chiropractic Register, American Chiropractic Association, California Chiropractic Association

Physiotherapy-trained NBCE The National Board of Chiropractic Examiners

YAMAGATA Chihiro 山懸千尋

Registered Psychologist


MD International Medical Centre

Medical Services

Minor Surgical Procedures :

·       Injection for Supraspinatus or Bicipital Tendonitis / Epicondylitis / Trigger finger / Plantar Fasciitis

·       Tendon Sheath Injection

·       Excision of small Skin tumours / Lipomas / Nail bed / Ear lobe cysts / Meibomian cyst

·       Removal of Skin sutures / Skin tags / Sebaceous cysts / Various foreign bodies / Corneal foreign body

·       Liquid Nitrogen Therapy

·       Treatment of Plantar Warts / Calluses / Corns / Ganglions

·       Splinters under nails

·       Olecranon and Pre-patellar Bursitis

·       Ear syringing

·       Embedded earring stud


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